Past perfect continuous čas uporabim, ko govorim o daljšem ali ponavljajočem se dejanju, ki se je odvijalo (je trajalo, bila sem sredi njega) pred določenim trenutkom oziroma dejanjem v preteklosti (ki ga opišem s past simple časom).
Največkrat rabo past perfect continuous časa kombiniramo s past simple časom. Gre za kombinacijo dveh preteklih dejanj, ki ju združimo v isti stavek.
Dejanje, ki ga lahko poimenujemo starejše dejanje, (dejanje, ki se je odvijalo, dogajalo najprej) uporabimo v past perfect continuous času. Pri rabi statičnih glagolov je to mogoče le s past perfect simple časom.
Dejanje, ki ga lahko imenujemo mlajše dejanje, (dejanje, ki se je zgodilo kasneje), pa uporabimo v past simple času.
1. Dejanje v past perfect continuous času se lahko konča v trenutku, ko se začne novo dejanje v preteklosti (v past simple času).
Novo ali drugo dejanje prekine prvega.
I had been driving with a broken window for days when the police stopped me (after that I didn’t drive with a broken window anymore because the police not only stopped me, they also fined me).
Sarah had been reading for an hour when her mum entered her room and told her to clean it. (so, she went and cleaned it).
We had been travelling for days and then our car broke down (we had to stop our journey and take the car to a mechanic).
2. Dejanje v past perfect continuous času se lahko nadaljuje tudi po tem, ko se začne novo dejanje v preteklosti (v past simple času).
We had been having the party for hours before my friends arrived (and then we all continued with the party).
Josh and Mia had been eating for a few minutes when they saw a beautiful eagle. They just couldn’t stop watching it (so they continued eating and watched the beautiful creature).
I had been swimming for some time when I saw the boy I like from our school. I was too embarrassed to say hello and I just continued swimming.
3. Dejanje v past perfect continuous času se lahko konča še preden se začne novo dejanje v preteklosti (v past simple času).
Her eyes were red and puffy. I realized she had been crying.
When I saw my dad in the afternoon he was covered with sawdust. I knew immediately that he had been working hard.
They looked completely soaked when they came home because it had been raining hard the whole morning.
4. Glagole stanja (stative verbs) lahko uporabimo le v simple načinu, v tem primeru v past perfect simple času.
I had believed her for a long time before I saw the evidence of her innocence.
We had known each other for years when he asked me to marry him.
The students had agreed to the teacher’s terms before they took the English test.
1. V trdilnem stavku past perfect continuous
tvorim tako, da za osebnim zaimkom
(ali imenom oziroma nazivom stvari, živali ...),
ki stoji na začetku stavka,
postavim pomožnik HAD BEEN.
Ta je kombinacija pomožnega glagola HAD
(za perfect čase v pretekli obliki)
in pomožnega glagola BE (rabimo ga v vseh časih, a ne povsod).
V tem primeru je uporabljen zato,
ker je pred nami continuous čas (past perfect continuous).
Za pomožnikom HAD BEEN
postavimo glavni glagol, ki ima končnico -ing.
Pomožnik HAD BEEN
lahko uporabim na daljši ali krajši način.
PRIMERI:
I had been reading a book. / I'd been reading a book.
You had been watching TV. / You'd been watching TV.
She had been riding a bike. / She'd been riding a bike.
2. HAD BEEN je pomožnik,
ki je sestavljen iz dveh pomožnih glagolov (HAVE in BE),
njegov namen je, da pomaga. Kako?
HAVE nam pove, da smo v enem od perfect časov.
BE (v kombinaciji z glavnim glagolom, ki ima končnico -ing),
nam pove, da smo v continuous času.
HAD BEEN (+ glavni glagol s končnico -ing),
nam pove, da smo v past perfect continuous času.
Pomožnik HAD BEEN nam pomaga tudi pri
ZANIKANJU in POSTAVLJANJU VPRAŠANJ.
Pri zanikanju HAD BEEN pomaga tako,
da nase veže angleško besedo za zanikanje NOT:
HAD BEEN lahko uporabim v daljši ali krajši obliki.
PRIMERI:
I had not been reading. / I hadn't been reading.
You had not been swimming. / You hadn't been swimming.
She had not been skating. / She hadn't been skating.
kateri zaimek postavimo predenj:
Pri postavljanju vprašanj pomožnik HAD BEEN
"razbijemo" na dva dela in sicer tako,
da HAD postavimo na začetek vprašanja (DA / NE vprašanja)
ali takoj za vprašalnico (who, where, when, why...)
pri informativnih vprašanjih.
Pomožni glagol BE (v obliki BEEN)
postavimo pred glavni glagol (ima končnico -ing).
DA / NE VPRAŠANJA IN ODGOVORI:
Had they been studying English?
Yes, they had. / No, they hadn't.
Had she been training a lot?
Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't.
Had he been walking the dog?
Yes, he had. / No, he hadn't.
INFORMATIVNA VPRAŠANJA:
Where had she been hiding from you?
How had they been coping with their problems?
Who had you been visiting?
1. Večini glagolov dodamo končnico -ing.
I am working from home today.
He is cooking a stew.
They are eating lunch.
work - working / cook - cooking / eat - eating
2. Glagoli, ki se v osnovni obliki končajo na -e,
izgubijo -e, ko dodamo končnico -ing.
We are dancing.
She isn't driving a car.
Are they having a good time?
dance - dancing / drive - driving / have - having
3. Pri enozložnih glagolih (imajo en zlog),
ki se končajo na soglasnik + samoglasnik + soglasnik,
zadnji soglasnik podvojimo in dodamo končnico -ing.
Nikoli ne podvajamo črk -x, -y, in -w.
I am running to school.
Are you stirring the sauce?
He isn't swimming in the lake.
run - running / stir - stirring / swim - swimming
4. Pri glagolih, ki se končajo na -ie,
se -ie spremeni v -y, nato dodamo še -ing.
He is tying the boat.
Are you lying to me?
I am not dying, I just have a flu!
tie - tying / lie - lying / die - dying
TABELA:
Oblike in raba
past perfect continuous časa v PDF obliki.
Past perfect continuous tense
vaje z rešitvami v PDF obliki.
