Present perfect continuous čas uporabim, ko govorim o:
1. PRETEKLEM DEJANJU,
KI SE JE KONČALO PRED KRATKIM.
LAHKO OMENIM, KAKŠNE POSLEDICE
IMA TO DEJANJE V SEDANJOSTI.
I’m exhausted because I have been working hard.
The street is wet. Has it been raining?
We haven’t been paying attention so we don’t remember it.
2. DEJANJU, KI SE JE ZAČELO
V PRETEKLOSTI IN ŠE VEDNO TRAJA.
UPORABIM PRISLOVA
FOR ALI SINCE.
She has been learning English for 3 years.
Have they been seeing each other since last year?
We haven’t been working for a long time.
3. DEJANJU, KI SE JE ZAČELO
V PRETEKLOSTI IN ŠE VEDNO TRAJA,
AMPAK GA VIDIMO
KOT ZAČASNO, TRENUTNO.
POMAGAMO SI S PRISLOVOMA
RECENTLY ALI LATELY.
We have been going to galleries recently.
I haven’t been studying very hard lately.
Has he been sleeping well recently?
Sheila has been reading a lot lately.
POZOR!
PRI RABI STATIČNIH GLAGOLOV
(stative verbs, seznam spodaj)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
ČASA NE MOREMO UPORABITI.
V TEM PRIMERU UPORABIMO
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE ČAS.
They have known each other for years.
Have they disagreed on these issuies?
Sarah hasn’t loved him for a while now.
We have been married since 2012.
Has Ben owed him money for a long time?
My son has promised a lot of things lately.
1. V trdilnem stavku present perfect continuous
tvorim tako, da za osebnim zaimkom
(ali imenom oziroma nazivom stvari, živali ...),
ki stoji na začetku stavka,
postavim pomožnik HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN.
Ta je kombinacija pomožnega glagola HAVE (za perfect čase)
in pomožnega glagola BE (rabimo ga v vseh časih, a ne povsod).
V tem primeru je uporabljen zato,
ker je pred nami continuous čas (present perfect continuous).
Za pomožnikom HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN
postavimo glavni glagol, ki ima končnico -ing.
Oblika pomožnika HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN
je odvisna od tega, kateri zaimek postavimo predenj:
I, you, he, she, it, we in they.
I, you, we in they - kombiniramo s HAVE BEEN.
He, she, in it - kombiniramo s HAS BEEN.
Pomožnik HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN
lahko uporabim na daljši ali krajši način.
PRIMERI:
I have been reading a book. / I've been reading a book.
You have been watching TV. / You've been watching TV.
She has been riding a bike. / She's been riding a bike.
kateri zaimek postavimo predenj:
2. HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN je pomožnik,
ki je sestavljen iz dveh pomožnih glagolov (HAVE in BE),
njegov namen je, da pomaga. Kako?
HAVE nam pove, da smo v present perfect času.
BE (v kombinaciji z glavnim glagolom, ki ima končnico -ing),
nam pove, da smo v continuous času.
HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN,
nam povesta, da smo v present perfect continuous času.
Pomožnik HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN
nam pomaga tudi pri ZANIKANJU in POSTAVLJANJU VPRAŠANJ.
Pri zanikanju HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN pomagata tako,
da nase vežeta angleško besedo za zanikanje NOT:
HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN lahko uporabim v daljši ali krajši obliki.
PRIMERI:
I have not been reading lately. /
I haven't been reading lately.
She has not been singing for a year. /
She hasn't been singing for a year.
Bill and Jake have not been playing chess recently. /
Bill and Jake haven't been playing chess recently.
kateri zaimek postavimo predenj:
Pri postavljanju vprašanj pomožnik HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN
"razbijemo" na dva dela in sicer tako,
da HAVE / HAS postavimo na začetek vprašanja (DA / NE vprašanja)
ali takoj za vprašalnico (who, where, when, why...)
pri informativnih vprašanjih.
Pomožni glagol BE (v obliki BEEN)
postavimo pred glavni glagol (ima končnico -ing).
DA / NE VPRAŠANJA IN ODGOVORI:
Have you been studying English?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
Has he been running for the last hour?
Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.
Have we been dreaming?
Yes, we have. / No, we haven't.
INFORMATIVNA VPRAŠANJA:
How long have we been building the house?
Where has she been exercising?
What music have you been listening to lately?
1. Večini glagolov dodamo končnico -ing.
I have been working from home recently.
He has been cooking a stew.
They have been eating lunch for the last hour.
work - working / cook - cooking / eat - eating
2. Glagoli, ki se v osnovni obliki končajo na -e,
izgubijo -e, ko dodamo končnico -ing.
We have been dancing all night.
She hasn't been driving a car for quite some time.
Have they been having a good time?
dance - dancing / drive - driving / have - having
3. Pri enozložnih glagolih (imajo en zlog),
ki se končajo na soglasnik + samoglasnik + soglasnik,
zadnji soglasnik podvojimo in dodamo končnico -ing.
Nikoli ne podvajamo črk -x, -y, in -w.
I have been running to school lately.
Have you been stirring the sauce?
He hasn't been swimming in the lake.
run - running / stir - stirring / swim - swimming
4. Pri glagolih, ki se končajo na -ie,
se -ie spremeni v -y, nato dodamo še -ing.
He has been tying the boat for too long.
Have you been lying to me?
Her mother has been dying in hospital.
tie - tying / lie - lying / die - dying
TABELA:
Oblike in raba
present perfect continuous časa v PDF obliki.
Present perfect continuous tense
vaje z rešitvami v PDF obliki.
