Present perfect simple uporabim, ko govorim o:
1. PRETEKLEM DEJANJU,
ki ni časovno določeno.
(ne vemo, kdaj se je zgodilo)
I have done my homework.
She has lived in Germany.
They have planted the tree.
2. PRETEKLEM DEJANJU,
katerega posledice čutimo v sedanjosti.
Pogosto gre za dejanje,
ki se je zgodilo pred kratkim.
She has locked the door. (we can’t go out)
They have left the bag here. (I must return it)
Have you heard the news? (it’s bad)
3. PRETEKLEM DEJANJU,
kjer želimo posebej poudariti, da se je zgodilo pred kratkim.
Pogosto uporabimo prislova JUST in RECENTLY.
He has just finished his homework.
We haven’t had good weather recently.
Have you just shown me your tongue?
4. IZKUŠNJAH.
Pri vprašanjih lahko uporabimo EVER.
Pri zanikanju lahko uporabimo NEVER.
I have seen The Rolling Stones three times.
Have you ever eaten a snake?
I have never been to England.
5. DEJANJU, za katerega
se pričakuje, da bo izvršeno.
Pri tem sprašujemo, če je dejanje že izvršeno.
Uporabimo YET.
Have you cleaned your room yet?
(we agreed you would clean your room and I want to know if you have cleaned it)
Have you passed the driving test yet?
(you said you were studying for it)
6. DEJANJU, za katerega
se pričakuje, da bo izvršeno.
Pri tem pravimo, da dejanje še ni izvršeno.
Uporabimo YET.
I haven’t bought the oranges yet.
(I know I must buy them and I will not forget)
She hasn’t washed the car yet.
(she didn’t have time but she will do it)
We haven’t done our homework yet.
(but we will)
7. DEJANJU, ki se zgodi
še preden sogovornik
pričakuje, da se bo zgodilo.
Uporabimo ALREADY.
A: Please, clean your room.
B: Mum, I have already cleaned it!
A: Can you buy the tickets?
B: I have already bought them.
8. DEJANJU,
ki se začne v preteklosti
in še vedno traja.
Uporabimo FOR in SINCE.
We have lived in London for 3 months.
I have known my best friend since 2007.
She has been a musician for over 20 years.
They have played tennis since last year.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE
POMOŽNI GLAGOL PRAVILA ČRKOVANJA
Oblika pomožnega glagola
v present perfect simple obliki
je odvisna od tega,
kateri osebni zaimek, ime ali naziv
postavimo pred pomožni glagol.
Če uporabimo zaimke I, you, we in they,
je pomožni glagol v obliki -HAVE.
Če uporabimo zaimke he, she in it,
(tretja oseba ednine)
je pomožni glagol v obliki -HAS.
I have worked in Sheffield for 6 months.
You haven't seen this film before.
We have sold our car.
Have they gone to Spain?
He has closed the window.
She hasn't written an email.
Has it rained a lot lately?
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE
PRAVILA ČRKOVANJA PRAVILNI GLAGOLI
Oblika glagola v present perfect simple času
je odvisna od tega,
ali gre za pravilni oziroma nepravilni glagol.
1. Večini pravilnih glagolov
(accept, earn, count)
v present perfect simple času
dodamo končnico -ed:
I have accepted her offer.
She hasn’t earned a lot of money.
Have they counted all students?
Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
2. Če se pravilni glagol v osnovni obliki
konča na -e (face, joke, invite),
v present perfect simple obliki
dodamo samo -d.
We have faced some problems.
Has he joked about his job?
Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
I haven’t invited him in.
3. Če se pravilni glagol v osnovni obliki
konča na soglasnik + -y
(worry, fry, rely),
v present perfect simple obliki
-y spremenimo v -i in dodamo -ed.
They have worried about their son.
I haven’t fried the calamari.
Has he relied on her for too long?
Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
4. Če se pravilni glagol v osnovni obliki
konča na samoglasnik + -y
(spray, pray, obey),
v present perfect simple obliki
dodamo končnico -ed:
I have prayed for your health.
He hasn’t sprayed the field.
Have they obeyed their parents?
Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
5. Če se pravilni glagol v osnovni obliki
konča na soglasnik + samoglasnik + soglasnik
(mug, admit, clip),
v present perfect simple času
podvojimo zadnji soglasnik in dodamo -ed.
He has mugged an old lady.
They haven’t admitted their mistake.
Have she clipped her nails?
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE
PRAVILA ČRKOVANJA NEPRAVILNI GLAGOLI
V angleščini so NEPRAVILNI GLAGOLI tisti glagoli,
ki v present perfect simple času
NE dobijo končnice -ed.
Njihove oblike ni mogoče napovedati vnaprej,
naučimo se jih na pamet.
V seznamih nepravilnih glagolov
jih najdemo v tretjem stolpcu pod imenom
past participle oziroma pretekli deležnik.
Primeri:
I have driven home.
She hasn't gone out.
Have you eaten my sandwich?
The dog has bitten me.
They haven't lost touch.
Has he forgotten about me?
TABELA:
Oblike in raba
present perfect simple časa
v PDF obliki.
Present perfect simple tense
vaje z rešitvami v PDF obliki.
